Ford vs chevy - Compare MSRP, invoice pricing, and other features on the 2023 Chevrolet Traverse and 2023 Ford Explorer.

 
Jul 22, 2009 · It's mainly because Chevy used so much wood in the bodies up untill 1937, It was easier and cheaper to build up a Ford. THe chevys were great looking cars, just hard to work with because of the wood. Bodies would twist and flex under load. THATS the main reason Fords became more popular, along with the flathead V8. . Best bulking snacks

As of 2021, Ford held a 14.9% segment of the U.S automotive market while Chevy held a 10.1% share. In the realm of Ford versus Chevy, the 2021 statistics subtly paint a compelling narrative that seems to tip in favor of the former. With a commanding grasp of 14.9% of the U.S automotive market, Ford’s superiority is illuminated in numeric ...Pratt City Ford 1105 E 1st St Pratt KS 67124; 33.46 miles; Lanterman Motors 1105 E 1st St Pratt KS 67124; 33.46 miles; Mel Hambelton Ford, Inc.- Service Center 11771 W Kellogg …5/40. £287. Ford is quite well ranked taking position 7 out of a list of 40 brands. It is given a reliability index of 77. Chevy is ranked as the 15 th most reliable car in the same list and is given a reliability index of 98. For this listing, the average index for all brands is 100.Jan 17, 2022 · The Ford 385-series big-block and the Chrysler 440 wedge paid a modest weight penalty without really being any more powerful from the factory than Chevy offerings (the 427ci Chevy L88 claimed 430 ... Rab. II 19, 1441 AH ... While the long-lasting rivalry between Ford and Chevrolet may generate funny memes and even family feuds, it has generated a lot of great ...In these states, bragging rights for the most popular brand are divided evenly between Ford and Chevy. Drivers in Michigan, Montana, New Mexico, North Dakota, and Arkansas prefer Ford , while those in Nebraska, Kentucky, Wyoming, Iowa, and Missouri prefer Chevrolet .Jum. II 24, 1443 AH ... Comments3.1K · 2022 Toyota Tundra TRD Sport takes on Ford F150 Tremor and Chevy Silverado ZR2. Drag and Roll Race · 2023 Ford Raptor R vs Ram ...Trucks with 8-lug wheels include 3/4 to 1-ton trucks from various vehicles, including Ford, Chevy, GMC, Dodge and Jeep. Generally, large trucks use the stronger 8-lug wheels to inc...These Chevy engines all started out as medium duty truck engines first, then adapted to passenger cars and finally light trucks. Someone please add the Ford story. A great engine the big block Chevrolet, particularly the rat (396/402/427/454/496 (8.1), 502) motor, although the W series (348/409) had it's moments.That brings the total amount of incentives to $11,000 for the Ford and $3,500 for the Chevy. The Mach-E starts at $43,995, bringing the effective price down to $32,995. Pricing for the 2021 Bolt ...The Dodge, on the other hand, has roughly 395 horsepower, while the Silverado has around 420. V6 engines are available in both truck brands. However, Chevy offers a 2.7 L turbocharged four-cylinder engine, which is the company’s most fuel-efficient engine. Ford, on the contrary, offers a 3.5-liter twin-turbocharged six-cylinder engine.Ram. 6, 1443 AH ... The new fords and new chevies..... the chevrolet engine is lasting longer and in better condition. The weak point of the chevy is going to be ...Compare the 2024 Ford F-150 and the 2024 Chevrolet Silverado 1500 based on pricing, ratings, features, specifications, fuel economy, dimensions and ownership costs. See …Dhuʻl-Q. 27, 1443 AH ... Thanks to Upstart for sponsoring this video. Check your rate today at http://upstart.com/FASTLANE ( http://www.tflbids.com ) Visit our ...Sep 29, 2020 · F-150 vs. Silverado vs. Ram 1500: Towing. Ford's twin-turbo 3.5-liter V-6 delivers the highest maximum towing capacity of any full-size light-duty pickup at 14,000 pounds. In second place is the ... 2024 Ford Super Duty. 8.5 /10. C/D RATING. 3. Starting at. $46,965. EPA MPG. N/A. More By Fuel Type Rankings. Trucks With the Best Gas Mileage. Advertisement - Continue Reading Below. By Price ...Ford vs. Chevy. First Released Nov 9, 2005. PlayStation 2. Xbox. Whether you're a fan of Ford or Chevy cars, you'll find a variety of driving challenges in 2K Games' racing game Ford vs. Chevy. 5.Muh. 21, 1445 AH ... 4K Likes, 405 Comments. TikTok video from Austin Michael (@austinmichaelus): “TEAM FORD or TEAM CHEVY?! ‍ Wait for the end #ford ...Ready for a real truck comparison? Check out these truck owners as they compare a Ford F-150, Ram 1500, Toyota Tundra and a Chevy Silverado. Which one do the...Kia, Subaru and Mitsubishi also contribute to the LexisNexis “ Telematics Exchange ,” a “portal for sharing consumer-approved connected car data with insurers.”. …Sep 26, 2023 · The 1930 Chevrolet 6 was priced at $555 to $675, while a Ford Model A cost from $385 to $550. The large and more powerful Chevy found favor among customers, but Henry Ford, the aging wizard, had one more trick up his sleeve. He would find a way to produce a low-priced Ford with a V-8 engine. It really wasn't until the new 5.0 and the introduction of the EcoBoost that Ford Performance ceased being an oxymoron since the demise of the Yamaha powered Taurus SHO in 95. Chevy was in very much the same boat after they killed off Pontiac. The GTO and the G8 were stout performers for a beautiful price, but Chevy were idiots and ditched the ...Car Advice. Chevrolet Silverado 1500 vs. Ford F-150: Head to Head. The Chevrolet Silverado 1500 and Ford F-150 are excellent choices if you're looking for a …The 2023 Colorado is bigger than the 2023 Maverick. The larger size of the Colorado doesn’t result in more space for the rear seat passengers, though. It provides 34.7 inches of rear legroom, compared to 35.9 inches for the Maverick. However, the Colorado offers more front seat legroom (45.2 vs. 42.8 inches).Ford Explorer vs. Chevy Traverse: which has the better comfort and utility? Ford Explorer’s Comfort, Cargo, and Utility. The Explorer can seat six or seven people (depending on the equipment you purchase), and it either has a 35/30/35 split second-row bench seat for the base model or second-row captain’s chairs for other models. 5.0 average Rating out of 1 reviews. 4.2 average Rating out of 9 reviews. 3.0 average Rating out of 2 reviews. Edmunds' expert review of the Used 2021 Chevy Colorado provides the latest look at ... GMC Yukon / Chevrolet Suburban / Ford Expedition / Chevrolet Tahoe. X-Small luxury SUVs. BMW X1 / Mercedes-Benz GLB-Class / Mercedes-Benz GLA-Class / Volvo XC40. Small luxury SUVs. Rab. II 19, 1441 AH ... While the long-lasting rivalry between Ford and Chevrolet may generate funny memes and even family feuds, it has generated a lot of great ...There are way more Chebbies and their parts available tho the SB Ford parts are really starting to show up in the past few years. A 283 Chebbie will probably not see 350hp and neither will the 289 Ford without lots of work and time. Yep, both can do it - …Ford Motor News: This is the News-site for the company Ford Motor on Markets Insider Indices Commodities Currencies Stocks Ford vs. Chevy: which is more reliable? Reliability is defined in the automotive industry two ways–short term and longer term. J.D.Power and Associates, measures it over the first 90s days of ownership, as well as over three years in its Vehicle Dependability Study; Chevy dominates Ford with just 115 problems per 100 vehicles To add coolant to a Chevy Malibu, dilute the coolant with equal parts coolant and water, then pour the coolant-water mixture into the vehicle’s coolant reservoir. The coolant reser...Rab. I 21, 1441 AH ... Performance. While this category is a very close call, Chevrolet slightly edges out Ford in the battle for the top performer. Drivers have the ...The Ford Mustang is better styled and a better performing sports car than the Chevy Camaro. Mustang has better 0-60 second times and is better in driving performance and cornering. Mustang achieves better fuel economy with a smaller, more fuel efficient engine option than Camaro. Sport Coupes: Ford wins.Dec 20, 2005 - A little bargain from the basement. Ford vs. Chevy Jonathan Miller. Eyes on Ford vs. Chevy. Sep 30, 2005 - A battle older than time itself. Ford vs. Chevy. David Clayman. Release ...The battle between the 2022 Chevy Blazer vs 2022 Ford Edge is like a see-saw, as you gain some ground in one area and give up some ground in another. Interestingly enough, Chevy beats Ford in price in each and every case from 2020 to 2022 in the midsize segment, but they both trade blows when it comes to the features of the Blazer and Edge.Chevy engine numbers are serial numbers located on the engine lock of Chevrolet vehicles. These number contain valuable information about where and when the engine was manufactured...According to the Kelley Blue Book Brand Watch report, more drivers considered buying the Silverado than the F-150 during the first quarter of 2023. The Silverado was the most considered non-luxury vehicle, and the F-150 landed in second place. But the F-150 came in first during the fourth quarter of 2022 and experienced a …The 2024 Chevy Silverado also comes with a heck of a lot of power, too. It includes a 3.0 Duramax Turbo-Diesel I-6 option that gives it its maximum towing capacity of 13,300 pounds, slightly less than the F-150 with its 3.5L EcoBoost V6. The Silverado’s 6.2L EcoTec3 V8 engine cranks out 420 horsepower and 460 lb-ft of torque, but despite the ...Most of the time a Ford owner will not ever have to lift the hood on it. Now Chevy, on the other hand, a poor consumer will have to take half the truck apart to be able to get to the parts they need to replace (“ford vs. Chevy-The”). Ford parts are also cheaper than Chevy parts. Anything that will save a customer money is worth it. They are ...Rab. I 26, 1439 AH ... While Ford prides itself on offering the best-selling pickup truck, statistically speaking, but it's Chevy that offers the winning combination ...Power output is where we start to see some stark differences between the Territory and Trailblazer. On Ford’s end, it put a 1.5-liter EcoBoost engine on the Territory. The power plant delivers 141 hp at 4,500-5,200 RPM and 225 Nm of torque at 1,500-4000 RPM. It connects to a smooth-shifting CVT with Sport mode.If you’re in the market for a used SUV, a Chevy Blazer is definitely worth considering. Known for its reliability, versatility, and stylish design, the Chevy Blazer has been a popu...Select configuration: 2WD Double Cab 147" Custom. $43,600. Starting Price (MSRP) 8.4. Chevrolet Silverado 1500 For Sale Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Full Review Chevrolet Silverado 1500 Trims ... For those concerned about fuel efficiency, comparing the Chevy Silverado 1500 and Ford F150 is essential. The Silverado 1500 offers various engine options, but its fuel economy tends to be slightly lower compared to some of the F150’s more efficient engine choices, particularly with the EcoBoost V6. However, the Silverado’s larger V8 ... The ultimate OBS package is the 454 SS, which is a limited production (under 17,000 total made) truck that was only available from 1990-1993. What makes this sporty two-door truck so special is that it’s powered by a 454ci small block engine for an extra kick in the pants. If this all sounds tempting and you want to jump into one, you …1 of 7. Save. Share. Hide. $69,000. 2 bd. 2 ba. 1,064 sqft. 316 N Ninnescah St, Pratt, KS 67124. For sale by owner. Zestimate ®. : $67,100. Est.: $396/mo Get pre-qualified. …Ford vs. Chevy Review. Reviewed on: PS2. The longtime rivalry between America's biggest auto manufacturers is poorly represented in this lackluster budget racer. Feb 1, 2006 4:54pm. 6. Ford vs ...A V10 engine is the most powerful engine in the Ford F-150 pickup truck. It has a maximum power of 450 horsepower and 650 lb-ft of torque. The V10 engine is more expensive to maintain and repair than other engines. A head gasket replacement in a Chevy 6.0 liter V8 engine, for example, costs $4,500, while it costs $6,000 in a Ford …According to the Kelley Blue Book Brand Watch report, more drivers considered buying the Silverado than the F-150 during the first quarter of 2023. The Silverado was the most considered non-luxury vehicle, and the F-150 landed in second place. But the F-150 came in first during the fourth quarter of 2022 and experienced a 6% …A V10 engine is the most powerful engine in the Ford F-150 pickup truck. It has a maximum power of 450 horsepower and 650 lb-ft of torque. The V10 engine is more expensive to maintain and repair than other engines. A head gasket replacement in a Chevy 6.0 liter V8 engine, for example, costs $4,500, while it costs $6,000 in a Ford …Ford vs Chevy Drags, Gulfport, Mississippi. 527 likes · 51 talking about this · 48 were here. Race Track T he 2019 F-150 is able to tow up to 13,200 pounds, while the 2019 Chevy Silverado only tows up to 12,500. Additionally, the F-150 and other Ford vehicles get superior fuel economy and engine power. The Ford F-150 has a turbocharged V6 engine that delivers better fuel economy while retaining the power of a V8 engine. Austin Michael - Ford Vs Chevy (Lyrics)Join the notification squad by subscribing and clicking the bell icon! 🔔🎧 Listen & Download: https://ditto.fm/ford-v...Download Ford vs. Chevy ROM / ISO for Sony PlayStation 2 (PS2) from Rom Hustler. 100% fast download!A detailed comparison of the two best-selling full-size pickup trucks in the US, covering price, value, features, performance, and more. Learn the differences and …That brings the total amount of incentives to $11,000 for the Ford and $3,500 for the Chevy. The Mach-E starts at $43,995, bringing the effective price down to $32,995. Pricing for the 2021 Bolt ...Full comparison of Ford and Chevy. 1. Safety. Ford offers several safety features that aren’t available on the Chevy. One example is their rearview camera which helps you when backing out of tight spaces and can even be helpful in low light conditions. Close-up side view rearview mirror with 3D Cam monitor system.Dec 20, 2005 - A little bargain from the basement. Ford vs. Chevy Jonathan Miller. Eyes on Ford vs. Chevy. Sep 30, 2005 - A battle older than time itself. Ford vs. Chevy. David Clayman. Release ...SUBSCRIBE TO THIS CHANNEL! https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCCSwr-kjUw1cERtjHTcHmmwCHECK OUT MY CHEVY DURAMAX PARODY HERE!! https://www.youtube.com/wat...Thus, whatever a man might feel insecure about, you’ll find it expressed as a Ford versus Chevy truck meme. This impulse to use a macho brand as armor to quell existential fears, to leverage a brand-as-personal-identity, can reach deep into a man’s psyche and affect his sense of himself. Case in point: Last month, a 56-year-old Virginian ...Chevy’s heavy-duty truck lineup includes the 2024 Silverado 2500 HD and 3500 HD models, with prices starting at $43,400. Compare that to Ford’s 2024 F-250, F-350, and F-450 models, with a ...Jan 17, 2022 · The Ford 385-series big-block and the Chrysler 440 wedge paid a modest weight penalty without really being any more powerful from the factory than Chevy offerings (the 427ci Chevy L88 claimed 430 ... The Dodge, on the other hand, has roughly 395 horsepower, while the Silverado has around 420. V6 engines are available in both truck brands. However, Chevy offers a 2.7 L turbocharged four-cylinder engine, which is the company’s most fuel-efficient engine. Ford, on the contrary, offers a 3.5-liter twin-turbocharged six-cylinder engine.Dhuʻl-Q. 27, 1443 AH ... Thanks to Upstart for sponsoring this video. Check your rate today at http://upstart.com/FASTLANE ( http://www.tflbids.com ) Visit our ...( http://www.TFLtruck.com/podcast ) Ford F-350 vs Ram 3500 vs Chevy 2500. These are three high mileage dually pickups. But which one is the most reliable ove...( http://www.TFLtruck.com/podcast ) Ford F-350 vs Ram 3500 vs Chevy 2500. These are three high mileage dually pickups. But which one is the most reliable ove...The forthcoming Chevy Bolt and expected improvements in the Nissan Leaf will provide electric car owners with greatly increased driving range at affordable prices. By clicking "TRY...Large Sport Sedans. Compare the 2023 Ford F-250 SuperDuty with the 2024 Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD: car rankings, scores, prices and specs.Size. 302.71 M. Released. November 11, 2005. 5/5 (1 vote) Download now. Few rivalries in American history generate more emotional responses than that of the longest-running rivalry in American motorsports: Ford vs. Chevy. Ford and Chevy are the two most iconic brands in American motorsports. Tens of millions of Ford and Chevrolet …Chevy’s heavy-duty truck lineup includes the 2024 Silverado 2500 HD and 3500 HD models, with prices starting at $43,400. Compare that to Ford’s 2024 F-250, F-350, and F-450 models, with a ...Compare the 2023 Chevrolet Equinox with the 2022 Ford Escape: car rankings, scores, prices and specs. Make Acura Alfa Romeo Aston Martin Audi BMW Buick Cadillac Chevrolet Chrysler Dodge Ferrari FIAT Ford Genesis GMC Honda HUMMER Hyundai Infiniti Isuzu Jaguar Jeep Kia Lamborghini Land Rover Lexus Lincoln Lotus Maserati … Full comparison of Ford and Chevy. 1. Safety. Ford offers several safety features that aren’t available on the Chevy. One example is their rearview camera which helps you when backing out of tight spaces and can even be helpful in low light conditions. Close-up side view rearview mirror with 3D Cam monitor system. Full comparison of Ford and Chevy. 1. Safety. Ford offers several safety features that aren’t available on the Chevy. One example is their rearview camera which helps you when backing out of tight spaces and can even be helpful in low light conditions. Close-up side view rearview mirror with 3D Cam monitor system.Compare the features, specs, and prices of the new 2021 Ford F-150 and Chevrolet Silverado fullsize pickup trucks. See how they stack up in towing, power, technology, and more.Compared to the Chevy (41 inches at the front and 39.6 at the back), the Ford Mustang Mach-E has average passenger space with a tall ceiling but shorter legroom (41.6 inches at the front and 38.1 ... Compare 2023 Ram 1500 vs. 2023 Ford F-150 vs. 2022 Chevrolet Silverado 1500. Compare the 2023 Ram 1500, 2023 Ford F-150 and 2022 Chevrolet Silverado 1500: car rankings, scores, prices, and specs. Model Year. Add to Compare. A maximum of 3 cars can be compared at one time. Please remove a car to add a new one. Jul 11, 2015 · These were gone by the end of '63 as the 406 and 427 took over as the hi-po FE. After '63, 390s were rated 300 to 335 horse, with most after '66 dropping to 300, 315 or 320 with a 4bbl and 265 2bbbl. The 396 was developed in '62-'63 out of the old 348/409. There was one year of the 427 in the old 409 block. Compare the 2016 Ram 1500, 2016 Ford F-150 and 2016 Chevrolet Silverado 1500: car rankings, scores, prices, and specs. Model Year. Add to Compare. A maximum of 3 cars can be compared at one time. Please remove a car to add a new one. Ford vs. Chevy: which is more reliable? Reliability is defined in the automotive industry two ways–short term and longer term. J.D.Power and Associates, measures it over the first 90s days of ownership, as well as over three years in its Vehicle Dependability Study; Chevy dominates Ford with just 115 problems per 100 vehicles Jun 2, 2023 · Jun 2, 2023. For buyers seeking a compact SUV from an American automaker, the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox and 2023 Ford Escape stand out as the two most obvious choices. The Chevy received its most ... Compare the 2023 Chevrolet Equinox with the 2022 Ford Escape: car rankings, scores, prices and specs. Make Acura Alfa Romeo Aston Martin Audi BMW Buick Cadillac Chevrolet Chrysler Dodge Ferrari FIAT Ford Genesis GMC Honda HUMMER Hyundai Infiniti Isuzu Jaguar Jeep Kia Lamborghini Land Rover Lexus Lincoln Lotus Maserati …Compare the 2016 Ram 1500, 2016 Ford F-150 and 2016 Chevrolet Silverado 1500: car rankings, scores, prices, and specs. Model Year. Add to Compare. A maximum of 3 cars can be compared at one time. Please remove a car to add a new one. Ford vs. Chevy: which is more reliable? Reliability is defined in the automotive industry two ways–short term and longer term. J.D.Power and Associates, measures it over the first 90s days of ownership, as well as over three years in its Vehicle Dependability Study; Chevy dominates Ford with just 115 problems per 100 vehicles #Chevrolet #FordSubscribe for weekly releases of new playthroughs of various racing games.Developer: EutechnyxPublisher: Global Star SoftwareRelease:- NA: No...Which is best? Their rivalry extends back as far as I can remember, but Ford earns the first point because Henry Ford produced the first Model T in 1908, ...WeldTec Designs:Web: https://weldtecdesigns.com/ref/WeldTec+DesignsIn this video we take a look at our Ford Econoline Van build with our 6" Baja Grocery Gett...Compare the 2024 Chevrolet Equinox and the 2024 Ford Edge. Find price quotes, rebates, mpg ratings, pictures, and more at NewCars.com. Get Trade-In Value; ... 2024 Chevrolet Equinox vs. 2024 Ford Edge Review. 2024 Chevrolet Equinox. MSRP*: $26,600 to $33,400. See details & photos. Find Your Best Price Today! Get Prices. 2024 Ford Edge.

The Ford engine is basically "square" bore and stroke, the Chevy is decidedly "undersquare" since it is a stroked 250. Ford stroked the 240 to get the 300, but the 240 is very "oversquared" design since it uses a 4" bore. The Chevy 292 is a "high deck" engine. Reply Like. # 3.. Comforting quotes

ford vs chevy

Description. Pick from one of the 48 accurately modeled classic and contemporary Ford and Chevy vehicles to try and win the Westington Cup. Pick your side, either Ford or Chevy, and compete in circuit races, point to point races, time trials, drag races, and other events. Work with your teammates to gain a leg up on your opponents by choosing ...For this comparison, we collected the most promising models from the middle tier, the Chevrolet Silverado 1500 LT Trail Boss, Ford F-150 Tremor, Ram 1500 Rebel G/T, and Toyota Tundra TRD Pro. We ...RS FWD. $42,800. Starting Price (MSRP) 8.8. Chevrolet Blazer For Sale Chevrolet Blazer Full Review Chevrolet Blazer Trims Comparison. Change Vehicle.The Chevy Colorado offers a variety of powertrains in extended and Crew Bab bodies. Best-in-class towing of 7,700 pounds is achieved when outfitted with the 2.8-liter Duramax Diesel engine.Ford F-150 vs Chevy Silverado. The Ford F-150 is a full-size pickup truck that has been in production since 1948. It is known for its strong towing and hauling capabilities, as well as its advanced features and modern design. The Chevy Silverado is also a full-size pickup truck that has been in production since 1999.GM vs. Ford: Performance. GM is a smaller company than Ford. GM’s total revenue for 2020 was $122 billion, a 10.75% decrease from the previous year. Ford’s total revenue was $127 billion, an ...Large Sport Sedans. Compare the 2023 Ford F-250 SuperDuty with the 2024 Chevrolet Silverado 2500HD: car rankings, scores, prices and specs.Feb 9, 2023 · What Made A Ford Big Block V8 So Good. The big block engines that Ford is most famous for are the 'FE' engines. The sizes of the engines varied from 332 cubic inches (5.4-liters) to 428 cubic inches (7.0-liters). The FE engines have not been produced since the 1970s but are still popular, and with some maintenance, quite functional. The 2023 Colorado is bigger than the 2023 Maverick. The larger size of the Colorado doesn’t result in more space for the rear seat passengers, though. It provides 34.7 inches of rear legroom, compared to 35.9 inches for the Maverick. However, the Colorado offers more front seat legroom (45.2 vs. 42.8 inches).Compare the features, performance, fuel economy and safety of the 2023 Ford F-150 and Chevrolet Silverado 1500, two popular full-size pickup trucks. See the pros and cons, …Ford. The 2023 Ford F-150 pairs a 10-speed automatic transmission with a variety of engines: A 290-horsepower 3.3-liter V-6 that produces 265 pound-feet of torque and is EPA rated at 19 mpg city ...Winner: 2024 Chevrolet Silverado EV. The Ford F-150 Lightning offers a 5-foot-5-inch bed with 52.8 cubic feet of cargo volume. This pickup also has a front trunk, or a frunk, with 14.1 cubic feet of space, which is about the same amount of cargo space available in the trunk of a compact car. Chevy's Silverado EV has a truck bed measuring …May 9, 2022 · The Silverado has the advantage in cargo-bed capacity, as its short bed has 62.9 cubic feet versus the F-150's 52.8 cubic feet of capacity. If you're willing to drive a long-bed crew cab, the Chevrolet offers 71.7 cubic feet compared with 62.3 cubic feet on the Ford. Both trucks offer a power-operated tailgate. Jan 1, 2023 · Although the great and glorious Ford vs. Chevrolet war began somewhere back in hot rodding's dim past, the real factory-backed competition actually began on December 16, 1953, when Zora Arkus ... .

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