Cipher translation - In today’s globalized world, being able to communicate with people from different countries and cultures is becoming increasingly important. When it comes to translation apps, Goog...

 
At CipherScribe Language Solution, we take pride in delivering industry-leading performance levels. Our optimized workflow ensures that over 95% of our deliveries are completed on time, providing you with reliability you can count on. However, in the rare event that we miss a deadline, we stand by our commitment to customer satisfaction. . H mart fairfax photos

Text. Web app offering modular conversion, encoding and encryption online. Translations are done in the browser without any server interaction. This is an Open Source project, code licensed MIT. By Wierk . Computers store instructions, texts and characters as binary data. All Unicode characters can be represented soly by UTF-8 encoded ones and ...182. A coded message sent by a brutal serial killer who has never been caught has been cracked more than 51 years after it was sent. The male suspect, known as the Zodiac Killer, killed at least ... What is Copiale Cipher? (Definition) The Copiale code is the name given to a substitution alphabet (homophonic) discovered in a fully encrypted manuscript, whose only inscriptions are Philipp, 1866 and ' Copiales 3'. The manuscript was decoded by a team of researchers in 2011. The content of the book describes in German language, an initiation ... The zodiac[1][2] is a symbol associated with Bill Cipher and the symbols surrounding him. It is later revealed that this wheel is a prophecy that can be used to defeat him. The zodiac is quickly flashed at the end of the theme song. When it is shown, there is a fast whisper that reveals the code needed to translate the cryptogram seen at the end of the episode. It is …Pigpen cipher decoder. This online calculator can decode messages written in the pigpen cipher. The pigpen cipher (alternately referred to as the masonic cipher, Freemason's cipher, Napoleon cipher, and tic-tac-toe cipher) is a geometric simple substitution cipher, which exchanges letters for symbols which are fragments of a grid 1.37 zkl. Bacon cipher. From Rosetta Code. Bacon cipher is a draft programming task. It is not yet considered ready to be promoted as a complete task, for reasons that should be found in its talk page. Bacon's cipher is a method of steganography created by Francis Bacon. This task is to implement a program for encryption and …Translation occurs in the cell, specifically in the cytoplasm. Translation is one of many steps in the creation of protein which is needed to fuel the body. Translation involves th...Morse code is an auditive code, any long and short beep sounds, it can be Morse. Example: bip biiiip bip = .-. There is also a luminous variant, the presence of a clignotant light for 2 distinct durations is a Morse code handle. Same with syllables in I or E for short and A or O for long. Example: TATITA = -.- (long, short, long) The Vigenère cipher is a polyalphabetic encryption algorithm invented by the French cryptologist Blaise de Vigenère in the 16th century. It is based on a shift cipher to which is added the use of a keyword that changes the shift at each step. The Vigenère cipher is a polyalphabetic encryption algorithm invented by the French cryptologist Blaise de Vigenère in the 16th century. It is based on a shift cipher to which is added the use of a keyword that changes the shift at each step. Caesar cipher is one of the single transliteration ciphers that encrypts by replacing the characters in the text with other characters. Character replacement is performed by shifting the characters from "A" to "Z" among the 26 characters of "ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ".Translations are done in the browser without any server interaction. This is an Open Source project, code licensed MIT. Base32. Morse code with emojis. Base32 to Hex. …Ciphertext. Add encoder or viewer. cryptii. Wierk. ROT13 (rotate by 13 places) replaces a letter with the letter 13 letters after it in the alphabet. It has been described as the "Usenet equivalent printing an answer to a quiz upside down" as it provides virtually no cryptographic security.In mathematics, translation means moving an object from one location to another. It is a term often used in geometry. In translation, the object is moved without rotating, reflecti...Are you looking for ways to translate English to Kannada accurately and effectively? Look no further. In this ultimate guide, we will provide you with valuable tips and tricks that...Students learning a new language dream of having the world at their fingertips, but some ideas can get lost in translation. Whether you’re trying to translate from Arabic or transl...Stray's alphabet is what I'd like to call a "Latin substitution." This means that each letter in Stray's alphabet can be translated directly to a Latin alphabet equivalent. By scouring through a lot of in-game text, I have recorded most of the letters used in Stray, including some interesting variants (If you see multiple symbols above a letter ... Bill Cipher code translator. This online calculator can decode messages written in Bill Cipher language. Articles that describe this calculator. Dancing Men. Sherlock Holmes solved a mystery that used a stick man cipher. Mr. Hilton Cubitt of Ridling Thorp Manor was baffled by a series of stick figures, yet the amazing Sherlock Holmes was up to the challenge in The Adventure of the Dancing Men. The story did not include all of the letters - only 17 out of the possible 26. CIPHER meaning: 1. a system of writing that prevents most people from understanding the message: 2. a person or…. Learn more. A computer language translator is a program that translates a set of code written in one programming language into a functional equivalent of the code in another programming langua...The coded message, known as the "340 Cipher" because it contains 340 characters, was sent in a letter to the San Francisco Chronicle in 1969. "I hope you are having lots of fun in trying to catch ...Data that is enciphered under one cipher text translation key is reenciphered under another cipher text translation key on the intermediate node. During this process, the data never appears in the clear. A cipher text translation key cannot be used in the decipher callable service to decipher data directly.In a book cipher, a message is translated into numbers using a specific book, dictionary or other text. The numbering system can vary, but typically it is based on page numbers, line numbers, word numbers or character numbers. The plaintext is translated letter by letter, or word by word, into numbers that represent each letter or word.The Enigma cipher is a type of commutative cipher that encrypts letters by replacing them with other letters. It supports encryption of 26 characters from "A" to "Z". Character substitution is done using the Enigma cipher machine, and DenCode supports the following Enigma machine simulations. The Enigma machine consists of the following ...The 17-line cipher makes use of a popular set of cipher alphabet shapes known as a “pigpen cipher”:- ... (1845) translation of the Gold Bug rendered this as “Un bon verre dans l’hostel de l’évêque dans la chaise du diable quarante et un degrés et treize minutes nordest quart de nord principale tige septième branche…”, whereas ...Scytale Decryption requires to know the number N of letters by turn of the band (the size of the cylinder), or L the number of turns around the cylinder. Example: The ciphertext is DDCEO_ (6-character long) and the band is L=3, then N=2 (because 6/3=2). Write the message on the band and wraps the band around the cylinder (of correct size) and ...A1Z26 cipher – Translate between letters and numbers. Converts alphabet characters into their corresponding alphabet order number (e.g. A=1, B=2, …, Z=26) while non-alphabet …Pigpen cipher is a monoalphabetic substitution cipher, where the letters are replaced by geometric symbols. It is also known as masonic cipher, Freemason's ciper, Napoleon cipher and tic-tac-toe cipher. ... Pigpen …Cryptography. Substitution Cipher. Symbol Substitution. Symbols Cipher List. List of Cipher using Symbols. Lots of codes and ciphers use a substitution of letters (or digits …In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's code, or Caesar shift, is one of the simplest and most widely known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet.Vigenère cipher: Encrypt and decrypt online. Method of encrypting alphabetic text by using a series of interwoven Caesar ciphers based on the letters of a keyword. Though the 'chiffre indéchiffrable' is easy to understand and implement, for three centuries it resisted all attempts to break it. MD5 hash. ADFGVX.With this Online Converter you can ROT-encrypt and decrypt texts. Many different rotations can be selected for both letters and numbers. The most popular methods are ROT5, ROT13, ROT18 and ROT47.In cryptography, a transposition cipher (also known as a permutation cipher) is a method of encryption which scrambles the positions of characters ( transposition) without changing the characters themselves. Transposition ciphers reorder units of plaintext (typically characters or groups of characters) according to a regular system to produce a ... Data that is enciphered under one cipher text translation key is reenciphered under another cipher text translation key on the intermediate node. During this process, the data never appears in the clear. A cipher text translation key cannot be used in the decipher callable service to decipher data directly. At CipherScribe Language Solution, we take pride in delivering industry-leading performance levels. Our optimized workflow ensures that over 95% of our deliveries are completed on time, providing you with reliability you can count on. However, in the rare event that we miss a deadline, we stand by our commitment to customer satisfaction. Nov 24, 2016 ... The Source Code Translation in Eclipse tries to help such developers, by providing a popup with the translated words, when hovering the mouse ...In today’s globalized world, communication with people from different cultures and languages has become increasingly important. Whether you are a business owner, a student, or a tr...Numbering the letters so A=1, B=2, etc is one of the simplest ways of converting them to numbers. This is called the A1Z26 cipher. However, there are more options such as ASCII codes, tap codes or even the periodic table of elements to decode numbers. This translation tool will help you easily convert between numbers and letters.There is no way of translating it to more human readable/management readable format but there is a cipher suite “translator”. There is a simple way to convert any OpenSSL (or GnuTLS, NSS, etc.) cipher name into IANA/standard/RFC cipher names or hexadecimal codepoints or teh other way around by using tls-map library in ruby:The zodiac[1][2] is a symbol associated with Bill Cipher and the symbols surrounding him. It is later revealed that this wheel is a prophecy that can be used to defeat him. The zodiac is quickly flashed at the end of the theme song. When it is shown, there is a fast whisper that reveals the code needed to translate the cryptogram seen at the end of the episode. It is …At CipherScribe Language Solution, we take pride in delivering industry-leading performance levels. Our optimized workflow ensures that over 95% of our deliveries are completed on time, providing you with reliability you can count on. However, in the rare event that we miss a deadline, we stand by our commitment to customer satisfaction.A1Z26 cipher – Translate between letters and numbers. Converts alphabet characters into their corresponding alphabet order number (e.g. A=1, B=2, …, Z=26) while non-alphabet …Are you in need of translating English to Tagalog? Look no further. In this ultimate guide, we will explore the various methods and resources available for translating from English...Are you in need of translating documents quickly and accurately? Look no further than a document language translator. This powerful tool can help you overcome language barriers and...How to encrypt using Option Key cipher? For Apple/Macintosh keyboard owners, pressing the Option key before entering the plain letter encodes the encrypted letter. For other Windows/Linux/Android users, then here is the correspondence table: Example: Option is coded Øπ†ˆø˜. Note that e and E, as well as i and I, n and N and u and U ...Ciphertext. Add encoder or viewer. cryptii. Wierk. ROT13 (rotate by 13 places) replaces a letter with the letter 13 letters after it in the alphabet. It has been described as the "Usenet equivalent printing an answer to a quiz upside down" as it provides virtually no cryptographic security. The Affine cipher is a form of monoalphabetic substitution cipher. The translation alphabet is determined by mapping each letter through the formula (ax + b) mod m, where m is the number of letters in the alphabet and a and b are the secret keys of the cipher. To ensure that no two letters are mapped to the same letter, a and m must be coprime. A Caesar cipher is a simple method of encoding messages. Caesar ciphers use a substitution method where letters in the alphabet are shifted by some fixed number of spaces to yield an encoding alphabet. A Caesar cipher with a shift of 1 1 would encode an A as a B, an M as an N, and a Z as an A, and so on. The method is named after Roman …Encrypt and decrypt any cipher created in a AtBash cipher. The AtBash cipher is a simple monoalphabetic substitution cipher of Hebrew origin that works by replacing the letter lying at a distance of X from the beginning of the alphabet with a letter lying at a distance of X from its end. With our encoder you can both encrypt and decrypt any text.Substitution cipher. In cryptography, a substitution cipher is a method of encrypting in which units of plaintext are replaced with the ciphertext, in a defined manner, with the help of a key; the "units" may be single letters (the most common), pairs of letters, triplets of letters, mixtures of the above, and so forth.Card Appendix. Here are all the cards currently released (or known) in Fire Emblem Cipher. They are separated into the following three sections: Booster Series, Starter Decks, and Promotional Cards. Click one of the banners below to be directed to their respective pages to find out more.The Affine cipher is a form of monoalphabetic substitution cipher. The translation alphabet is determined by mapping each letter through the formula (ax + b) mod m, where m is the number of letters in the alphabet and a and b are the secret keys of the cipher. To ensure that no two letters are mapped to the same letter, a and m must be coprime.The manuscript Copiale cipher contains an elaborate Oculist initiation ceremony and instructions on how to conduct rituals that focus on the purpose of the eye. As previously mentioned on Ancient Pages, the Eye of Providence, also known as the All Seeing Eye, is a powerful symbol used for hundreds of years. It was of particular …Finding the right Spanish to English translator can be a daunting task. With so many options available, it can be difficult to determine which one is best for your needs. Machine t...This workshop mod is a continuation of Asdeef and MikoML's work. They set up the initial gamemode and board layouts, and did all the work on the 1000+ cards from sets 1 through 12. Without them we would not be here. We cannot thank them enough for the hard work they have done to bring the game to TTS. This mod contains all of the cards in FE ... Complete 408 Cipher - ZODIAC CIPHERS. Several days after the arrival of the three letters, mailed to the San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco Examiner and Vallejo Times-Herald, the 408 cipher was cracked on August 8th 1969 by schoolteacher Donald Gene Harden and Bettye June Harden (n ée Tischer) of Salinas, California. The Vigenère cipher is a polyalphabetic encryption algorithm invented by the French cryptologist Blaise de Vigenère in the 16th century. It is based on a shift cipher to which is added the use of a keyword that changes the shift at each step. A coded message sent by a brutal serial killer who has never been caught has been cracked more than 51 years after it was sent. This story originally appeared on Ars Technica, a trusted source for ...The Affine cipher is a form of monoalphabetic substitution cipher. The translation alphabet is determined by mapping each letter through the formula (ax + b) mod m, where m is the number of letters in the alphabet and a and b are the secret keys of the cipher. To ensure that no two letters are mapped to the same letter, a and m must be coprime.Discovered in the East Berlin Academy after the Cold War, the Copiale cipher consists of an elaborately bound volume of 105 pages of gold and green brocade paper, bearing some 75,000 characters comprising 90 distinct symbols — a perplexing mix of Greek and Roman letters, and pictograms. The name of the cipher comes from one of only two non ...In today’s interconnected world, the need for document translation has become increasingly important. Whether you are a student, a business professional, or simply someone who want...The Keyed Caesar cipher is a form of monoalphabetic substitution cipher. The translation alphabet (the letters that are used instead of the ordinary alphabet) starts with the secret key. Each letter is only used once, so if a letter is used twice, only the first occurence is used. Then the translation alphabet is completed with the remaining ...The Pig Pen Cipher, also known as the Freemason Cipher (or masonic alphabet), is an encryption system that was historically used by some members of Freemasonry to protect their communications. It is based on a special arrangement of letters in a grid (cross or grid like tic tac toe) in order to use 26 symbols to represent the letters of the ...Substitution cipher is one of the most basic cryptography methods. Many variations are possible: — Ciphers by mono-alphabetic substitution, with a disordered alphabet, one letter replaces another. — Encryptions by poly- alphabetic substitution, with several alphabets. — Encryptions by homophonic substitution, the same element can be ...Morse code translator is a translator that lets anyone translate text to Morse code and decode Morse code to text easily. With the online Morse code translator tool, anyone can convert any plain text in the English language or another language to Morse code and vice versa. How to Use Morse Code Translator. Just type in the Morse code or text to ...Mozart Music Cipher. To try the cipher, simply type your text message in the top box to encode. Lower- and upper-case letters will produce alternate substitutions. Spaces are ignored; punctuations add bar lines or a new staff. Plaintext: Enter new plaintext above [ Intro] f R a n C I S c A [ Outro 2] Listen to cipher melody: 0:00. (MIDI player ...If you know of another cipher that you think should be on here or a tool that would be useful, request it and perhaps it can be added to the site. Codes and Substitutions. Replaces a letter with another letter or a set of symbols. This is the most basic way to hide a message because the translation of the letter doesn't ever change.cipher - translate into Norwegian with the English-Norwegian Dictionary - Cambridge DictionarySeveral days after the arrival of the three letters, mailed to the San Francisco Chronicle, San Francisco Examiner and Vallejo Times-Herald, the 408 cipher was cracked on August 8th 1969 by schoolteacher Donald Gene Harden and Bettye June Harden (n ée Tischer) of Salinas, California. The Vallejo Police Department received a call at 6:35 pm on 8/8/69 …Due to translation errors, the press missed an opportunity to arouse public interest with another mysterious topic that often grabs headlines: the Cipher protected an 18th-century German Masonic ritual. The Copiale Cipher is a beautifully bound green and gold book consisting of 105 pages and approximately 75,000 characters.Caesar cipher is one of the single transliteration ciphers that encrypts by replacing the characters in the text with other characters. Character replacement is performed by …A collection of 87 sacred books (81 canonized in 1611 as the KJV Holy Bible and 6 more considered to be inspired and/or historically significant), the את Cepher transliterates the names of the Father, Son & Spirit and restores the Hebrew את (aleph tav) throughout the text. Transliterates the names of the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit without ... Caesar cipher decoder: Translate and convert online Method in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it in his private correspondence. The Copiale cipher is a 105-page enciphered book dated 1866. We describe the features of the book and the method by which we deciphered it. 1. Features of the Text. Figure 1 shows a portion of an enciphered book from the East Berlin Academy.NB: This is equivalent to decrypting the encrypted text with the plain text as key. The key will then appear repeated. Example: The cipher text is NGMNI and the corresponding … What is Copiale Cipher? (Definition) The Copiale code is the name given to a substitution alphabet (homophonic) discovered in a fully encrypted manuscript, whose only inscriptions are Philipp, 1866 and ' Copiales 3'. The manuscript was decoded by a team of researchers in 2011. The content of the book describes in German language, an initiation ... NB: This is equivalent to decrypting the encrypted text with the plain text as key. The key will then appear repeated. Example: The cipher text is NGMNI and the corresponding plaintext is DCODE. Use DCODE as key to decrypt NGMNI and find as plaintext KEYKE which is in fact the key KEY (repeated).The Roman numerals “XXIX” translate to “29” in English numbers. The Roman numeral system uses letters instead of numerals to indicate numbers. The letters used in this system for n...cryptii. Web app offering modular conversion, encoding and encryption online. Translations are done in the browser without any server interaction. This is an Open Source project, code licensed MIT. By Wierk . Hexadecimal numerals are widely used by computer system designers and programmers. As each hexadecimal digit represents four binary ...Playfair encryption uses a grid, which can be generated by a key word. Example: Crypt DCODE with the grid: Split the text into bigrams of 2 letters (complete with a letter if the message is of odd length). Apply the following rules depending on the position of the letters in the grid: — if the 2 letters are identical (or if there is only one ...Column transposition encryption writes plaintext in a rectangular array of N columns (inline fill) with N the size of the permutation key. Example: The text COLUMNS is encrypted with the permutation 1,3,2 of the key word COL, it is written in the table. Fill in the empty boxes with a neutral letter (like X ). The encrypted message is then read ...Feb 21, 2023 · The “lost in translation” manga series in question is Cipher Academy, a mystery series written by Monogatari author Nisio Isin and illustrated by Yūji Iwasaki. The series follows Iroha ... cipher, also UK: cypher vi. (write in code) écrire en code loc v. Specialists in cryptography are able to cipher and to break codes. Les spécialistes en cryptographie sont capables d'écrire en code et de déchiffrer des codes. cipher [sth], also UK: cypher [sth] ⇒ vtr.Niflheim Language Ciphers. There are a total of 4 Niflheim Cipher Pieces in God of War that you need to find in order to unlock the Niflheim Realm, which contains the Ivaldi's Workshop, which ...In today’s globalized world, being able to communicate with people from different countries and cultures is becoming increasingly important. When it comes to translation apps, Goog...The 340 cipher, above, reached the San Francisco Chronicle in November 1969. The killer’s first cipher had been cracked in a week by an amateur husband-and-wife team. Solving this one would ...The ciphered message is a binary code (with 2 distinct characters), and maybe spaces every 5 characters.. Typical cases of over-encryption are alternating upper-lower case letters, bold or italic letters or encoding different character fonts.. All references to Françis Bacon (the painter or the philosopher), Kevin Bacon (actor of Batman), to Novum …

The Pig Pen Cipher, also known as the Freemason Cipher (or masonic alphabet), is an encryption system that was historically used by some members of Freemasonry to protect their communications. It is based on a special arrangement of letters in a grid (cross or grid like tic tac toe) in order to use 26 symbols to represent the letters of the .... Restaurants near chandler fashion center

cipher translation

There is no way of translating it to more human readable/management readable format but there is a cipher suite “translator”. There is a simple way to convert any OpenSSL (or GnuTLS, NSS, etc.) cipher name into IANA/standard/RFC cipher names or hexadecimal codepoints or teh other way around by using tls-map library in ruby:An American-Swedish collaboration has finally cracked The Copiale Cipher, a mysterious 18th century document that no one could read – until now (includes video) Some people will go to any length ...A computer language translator is a program that translates a set of code written in one programming language into a functional equivalent of the code in another programming langua... Caesar cipher decoder: Translate and convert online Method in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions down the alphabet. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it in his private correspondence. It took 51 years to crack, but one of the taunting messages written in code and attributed to the Zodiac Killer has been solved, according to the F.B.I.. The mysterious 340-character cipher, which ...Vigenère cipher: Encrypt and decrypt online. Method of encrypting alphabetic text by using a series of interwoven Caesar ciphers based on the letters of a keyword. Though the 'chiffre indéchiffrable' is easy to understand and implement, for three centuries it resisted all attempts to break it. MD5 hash. ADFGVX.cipher translations: código. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Portuguese Dictionary.Pigpen. Old substitution cipher, said to be used by Hebrew rabbis and the Knights Templar. Pigpen places letters in "#" and "X" diagrams, then uses the nearby lines and dots as the symbol for the encoded letter. This comes in two main varieties. Use these buttons to insert the corresponding letter in the input area below.Bill Cipher code translator. This online calculator can decode messages written in Bill Cipher language. Articles that describe this calculator. Gravity Falls Bill's symbol substitution cipher decoder; Bill Cipher code translator. Message . Bill Cipher KeyboardThe branch of mathematics that deals with polynomials covers an enormous array of different equations and equation types. Polynomials that deal primarily with real numbers can be u...Bacon's cipher – Encrypt and decrypt online. Method of steganography devised by Francis Bacon in 1605. After preparing a false message with the same number of letters as all of the As and Bs in the secret message, two typefaces are chosen, one to represent As and the other Bs. Base64 to text. Variant Beaufort cipher. Enigma machine. Base64 to ...Card Appendix. Here are all the cards currently released (or known) in Fire Emblem Cipher. They are separated into the following three sections: Booster Series, Starter Decks, and Promotional Cards. Click one of the banners below to be directed to their respective pages to find out more.There is no way of translating it to more human readable/management readable format but there is a cipher suite “translator”. There is a simple way to convert any OpenSSL (or GnuTLS, NSS, etc.) cipher name into IANA/standard/RFC cipher names or hexadecimal codepoints or teh other way around by using tls-map library in ruby:Oct. 27, 2011. An article on Tuesday about the cracking of an 18th-century code known as the Copiale Cipher misspelled the surname of the mathematician to whom Warren Weaver, a pioneer in ...Dorabella 's cipher is the name given to a message sent by composer Edward Elgar dated July 14, 1897, in a letter to Dora Penny. The message takes the form of 86 characters (with 24 distinct characters) written on 3 lines: The 24 characters and their distribution (based on frequency analysis) are compatible with encryption by mono-alphabetical ...Due to translation errors, the press missed an opportunity to arouse public interest with another mysterious topic that often grabs headlines: the Cipher protected an 18th-century German Masonic ritual. The Copiale Cipher is a beautifully bound green and gold book consisting of 105 pages and approximately 75,000 characters.NB: This is equivalent to decrypting the encrypted text with the plain text as key. The key will then appear repeated. Example: The cipher text is NGMNI and the corresponding plaintext is DCODE. Use DCODE as key to decrypt NGMNI and find as plaintext KEYKE which is in fact the key KEY (repeated).Pigpen cipher decoder. This online calculator can decode messages written in the pigpen or freemason cipher.What is a Shift cipher? (Definition) The shift cipher is a cryptographic substitution cipher where each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter a certain number of positions further down the alphabet. This number of positions is sometimes called a key. The Caesar code is the most well-known shift cipher, usually presented with a shift ...Jul 1, 2020 ... The warning "ARM Core Model: WARNING - Simulation code-translation cache failed to gain DMI for PC=0x0000801c (PA = s_-0000801c. Simulation ....

Popular Topics